17Using a wide range of techniques—including molecular biology, genetic engineering, biochemistry, plant physiology, and envi-ronmental science—this laboratory investigates the safety of, and remediation strategies for, substances relevant to agricul-ture and food, such as pesticides, food constituents, and envi-ronmental pollutants.Environmental ChemistryThis Division fosters scientists who contribute to plant health mainte-nance and promotion and biosphere conservation. Students learn clinical plant science and environmental science concerning plant stressors (e.g., climate change, soil salinities, low-level nutrients, pollutants, disease, insects) and plant stress responses (e.g., by changes in cell structure, signal transduction, gene expression).Plant Health,Environment andBiotechnologyThis laboratory studies plant-microbe interactions with a partic-ular interest in microscopic morphological changes and epigen-etic modifications of the genomes during their interactions. The research and educational activities are aimed at elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms and application of research findings for human benefit.Cell Function and StructureElucidation of plant-pathogen interactions by cytological and genomics approachesInsects are the most species-rich group of organisms on Earth. They include pests and their natural enemies, and key pollina-tors of crops. We conduct education and research to elucidate insect diversity and life histories, their interactions with other organisms, and their ecological roles in ecosystems.Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem ScienceBehavioral observation in the labora-toryA moth larva is being attacked by a parasitoid wasp.Zucchini (high accumulator of pollutants) Evaluation of human safety of envi-ronmental chemicalsPlant GeneticsUsing crops and their wild relatives, this laboratory engages in identifying specific genes responsible for natural variations and genetic differentiation. We also analyze genetic factors involved in genome-genome interactions based on interspecific hybridization. Special attention is paid to the genetic mechanisms underlying speciation and allopolyploid establishment, as well as application of the research findings for crop breeding.Scanning electron microscopic image of the cross-sectional surface of the grain of common wheatSpikes of three wild wheat relativesA ultra-high-density genetic linkage map of common wheatDNA microarray analy-sis of silkworm gene expression.Photoperiodic response curve of silkworm.Pupae: silkworm (left) and Chinese oak silkmoth (right).Insect Molecular BiologyThis laboratory investigates the following topics with various species of insects: evolution of morphology and behavior, meta-morphosis, diapause, endocrinology, neural transmission, senso-ry reception, biological clock, and photoperiodism. Molecular understanding of physiological characteristics and adaptation mechanisms of insects contributes to pest control and utiliza-tion of beneficial insects.
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