18Crop EvolutionUsing diverse methods including genetics, ecology, and fieldwork, we aim to elucidate the mechanisms of genetic change from wild to crop plants. To this end, we are advancing the identification of genes involved in domestication while also exploring genetic resources useful for future plant breeding.Highly polymorphic spikes of tetra-ploid wheat.Fieldwork in a crop market in South IndiaSunlight is very dangerous for chilled plants.Plants are frequently exposed to environmental stressors, in par-ticular, reactive oxygen species resulting from photosynthesis, which may compromise plant growth and productivity. The research activities of this laboratory focus on helping plants acquire nutritional support in order to overcome stress crises, thereby allowing them to grow throughout their full life cycles. Plant NutritionHow have plant pathogens obtained their ability to parasitize particular hosts? How have certain crop individuals gained their disease resistance? This laboratory seeks to answer these ques-tions at the genetic, molecular, and cellular levels, while contrib-uting to the development of new strategies for disease protec-tion. Fostering professionals capable of plant disease diagnosis is also a mission of this Laboratory.Plant PathologySpore germlings with appressoria in Pyricularia oryzaeAppressorium-mediated penetration of host cells in P. oryzaeWheat spikes infected with P. oryzaeTo address the problems of climate change and global warming, we investigate soil carbon dynamics and these processes in pedosphere around the world. Especially, we focus on roles of the soil organic matter which supports the plant productivity in forests and agricultural lands. In addition, we promote research-es and educations directly linked to food supply and environ-mental problems.Soil ScienceA vertical soil profile to analyze relationships between the radioac-tive cesium and the plant root or the soil organic matter.Mangrove plantation in Thailand (Bang Pu)Biological membranes play essential roles in regulating the cells. We are developing a synthetic model system of the biological membranes on solid substrate for basic biophysical studies and biomedical applications. The model system enables to study the membrane functions at the molecular level, and should lead to the realization of novel biomedical applications.Cell Signaling and RegulationPatterned model membraneNanogap-junction
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